Crusade

Of all the wars that have been done, none of them run more fanatical than the Crusades (religious war). And this holy war between Islam in Asia, which since 632 is the aggressor, not only in Syria and Asia Minor, but also in Spain and Sicily. Seen from another angle factor that contributed to the cause of the Crusades it was the desire to wander and the Teutonia military talent which has changed the map of Europe since they see themselves into the pages of history. Then the destruction of the holy church is a church that founded the place where Jesus was buried before ever having a revival of the grave, which was carried by a Caliph Fatimiah in the year 1009, when the church was the goal of the thousands upon thousands of Christians from making pilgrimages to Europe (Philip K. Hitti, 1979:209). The main reason is because people are nomadic Seljuk Turks from Turkestan (Central Asia) has been expelled by the Persians who occupied the area belongs to the Seljuk Turks, and even Asia Minor, including that they occupy.The incident was disturbing the peace of the pilgrims who will come to Jerusalem because the people who took control of the Seljuk Turks was very rude (Sudarsono, 1978:6). In addition, because the demand Comneus the Emperor Alexius in 1095 to Pope Urban II. The Byzantine emperor asked for help from the Romans because of its regions are pushed up to the sea coast marmora ditindasbinasakan Children of Seljuk. Even Constantinople threatened by the Seljuk sons (Phillip K. Hitti, 1970:209). On the other hand, Pope Urban II also want to take a chance. He then brings the board of the French Nobility and the Muslim Scholars in Clermont and engage them with a speech that is eager to fight against the Turks. When he finished his speech the crowd reportedly shouted with this God. (Edward Mc Nall Burn, 1958: 342). So it may be said that the emperor Alexius keiginan which requires the return of territory which had by Muslims to Pope Urban II who wish to reunite the West with Eastern Christians who had suffered a split, bagaikanngayung parried. So the next spring 150,000 people, mostly French and Norman, fulfilling the call and gathered in Constantinople, and this is the beginning of the CrusadesBackground crusadeThere are various reasons why western men then agreed to go to war took up the cross and the holy land. Some leaders of the synagogue of the cross, including Bohemund, helped Crusaders moved by the desire to enrich themselves. Merchants from Pisa, Genoa, Venice instinct trade saw the trade interests of the war. People who gifted romantic, the people who love wandering and adventurous who joined the faithful that has a new purpose in life. Many are the people who have them think big sin, engage in war as penance for his sins. While the majority of the French people, Ltharingen, Italy and Sicily a crappy economy and social life is fought is more entertainment than a sacrifice (Phillip K. Hitti, 1970:210). That is to say that the motivation for the participation of people of Christian Europe to the jihad is not simply a factor of faith, but a variety of factors. But it is clear in this Crusade, the spirit of the Christian Pilgrims looked very prominent. This is partly visible at the time of the Monks of Cluny. The desire to make a beeline everywhere, in all directions. For those on a pilgrimage to Palestine and worship in the places to witness the life of Christ have their own dreams.

The course of the CrusadesSpeech of Pope Urban II enough to inflame the masses. God wills they shouted. Much later came forward taking the Cross, as sumapah to advance to the battlefield cross. they then go home with a burning zeal for the holy tomb menyelamatakan back.First Crusade (1096-1099) enough to bring results, it can reclaim the land Plestina, and then re-establish the four Christian countries, namely Jerusalem, Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli. The nobles of France, England and other areas that memeng adventurous, not to mention also went to Palestine in order to encourage their relatives and friends who had already been there. There are even some that do not go home, because the land in Europe only heirloom passed down to the eldest son, in accordance with the existing laws of inheritance. So children younger passionate to go. By leaving the homeland, they hope to find new opportunities in the Palestinian land, which the Prophet Moses is depicted as a land flowing with milk and honey.In 1144 Edessa successfully recaptured by the Turks, so that Christians who have settled there, no longer able to survive. It is not melemahakn, but instead increases the Christians to develop a new effort to reclaim the holy places. German king, Conrad III, and the King of France, Louis VIII, jointly compiled and deployed troops to wage the Second Crusade (1147-1149). But the organization was so poor that the power did not produce any results. Bhakan finally, Sultan Saladin able to take back Jerusalem and Acre, the main post Christian soldiers.Failure on a wave of protests. Then the emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Philip Augustus of France and King Richard I of England combined to reconstitute the army to demolish Palestinian. However, because the three kings are mutually jealous, Third Crusade (1189-1192) also failed.The Crusaders are organized according to the patterns of feudalism in Western Europe. At the helm of the kingdom there was a feudal king. Underneath is the vassal, and the vassal subordinates. The kingdom was divided in several manorial, produced by local people, which existed as half-slave. The landlord is responsible for the region's population manorialnya, and subject to the king.Palestinian Christians and Muslims live side by side, and gradually learn to respect each other. old hatred against the Muslims, who often demonstrated by the new pendatng start to fade, when the Christians are aware of the culture of excellence and virtue the Saracens.Gradually Christian merchants and nobles became prosperous and tolerant. Even some of them from the beginning have started to adopt the customs and procedures of the better East. Habits and tastes of the things fancy and fun to grow. The habit of bathing and shaving becomes prevalent. The Europeans began to recognize the kinds of fruits and sayuranbaru, and preach the things that are new to the sahabt and their relatives in the West. In this crusade is a means for the spread of Arab culture to Western Europe (Henry s. Lucas, 1993:120)